A 23,000-year-old southern Iberian individual links human groups that lived in Western Europe before and after the Last Glacial Maximum.

Human populations underwent range contractions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) which had lasting and dramatic effects on their genetic variation. The genetic ancestry of individuals associated with the post-LGM Magdalenian technocomplex has been interpreted as being derived from groups associated with the pre-LGM Aurignacian. However, both these ancestries differ from that of central European individuals associated with the chronologically intermediate Gravettian. Thus, the genomic transition from pre- to post-LGM remains unclear also in western Europe, where we lack genomic data associated with the intermediate Solutrean, which spans the height of the LGM. Here we present genome-wide data from sites in Andalusia in southern Spain, including from a Solutrean-associated individual from Cueva del Malalmuerzo, directly dated to ~23,000 cal yr BP. The Malalmuerzo individual carried genetic ancestry that directly connects earlier Aurignacian-associated individuals with post-LGM Magdalenian-associated ancestry in western Europe. This scenario differs from Italy, where individuals associated with the transition from pre- and post-LGM carry different genetic ancestries. This suggests different dynamics in the proposed southern refugia of Ice Age Europe and posits Iberia as a potential refugium for western European pre-LGM ancestry. More, individuals from Cueva Ardales, which were thought to be of Palaeolithic origin, date younger than expected and, together with individuals from the Andalusian sites Caserones and Aguilillas, fall within the genetic variation of the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age individuals from southern Iberia.

The nature and chronology of human occupation at the Galerías Bajas, from Cueva de Ardales, Malaga, Spain.

The Cueva de Ardales is a hugely important Palaeolithic site in the south of the Iberian Peninsula owing to its rich inventory of rock art. From 2011-2018, excavations were carried out in the cave for the first time ever by a Spanish-German research team. The excavation focused on the entrance area of the cave, where the largest assemblage of non-figurative red paintings in the cave is found. A series of 50 AMS dates from the excavations prove a long, albeit discontinuous, occupation history spanning from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Neolithic. The dating of the Middle Palaeolithic layers agrees with the U/Th dating of some red non-figurative paintings in the entrance area. In addition, a large assemblage of ochre lumps was discovered in the Middle Palaeolithic layers. Human visits of the cave in the Gravettian and Solutrean can be recognized, but evidence from the Aurignacian and Magdalenian cannot be confirmed with certainty. The quantity and nature of materials found during the excavations indicate that Cueva de Ardales was not a campsite, but was mainly visited to carry out non-domestic tasks, such as the production of rock art or the burial of the dead.

West Syndrome: Report of Clinical Case: 9 Years of Follow-up / Síndrome de West: Relato de Caso: 9 anos de Acompanhamento

ABSTRACT West Syndrome is one of the rare and severe childhood epilepsies, starting in the first year of life and having an uncertain etiology. Even if some of the symptoms are missing, a triad of them defines West Syndrome, including epileptic spasms, arrest or regression of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia on interictal electroencephalography. The objective of this study was to obtain updated data on West Syndrome literature and report a clinical case of a patient with the medical diagnosis of this syndrome, with gastrostomy feed tube, and clinical pattern of spastic quadriplegia. Initial clinical examination showed prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, periodontal disease, poor oral hygiene, mouth breathing, deep palate, anterior open bite, tongue interposition between the dental arches, and low caries experience. Over 9 years the patient presented complications in their sistemicas conditions, with need for gastrostomy and many periods of hospitalization that determined periods of absence for the dental monitoring. Despite this, currently his oral health condition is good and stable. Dental care for people with disabilities should be developed, encouraged and continuously extended, in agreement with the constitutional principles of human dignity and the rights for health and equality.

RESUMO A Síndrome de West é uma rara e severa forma de epilepsia da infância, com início no primeiro ano de vida e etiologia ainda não definida. Mesmo com a ausência de alguns sintomas, a tríade que define a Síndrome de West é a presença de espasmos, retardo no desenvolvimento psicomotor e a presença da hypssarritmia no eletroencefalograma. O objetivo deste estudo foi a obtenção de dados atualizados na literatura sobre a Síndrome de West e relatar um caso clínico de um paciente com diagnóstico médico dessa síndrome, com gastrostomia e padrão clínico de quadriplegia espástica. No exame clínico inicial observou-se retenção prolongada de dentes decíduos, doença periodontal, padrão pobre de higiene bucal, respiração bucal, palato profundo, mordida aberta anterior, interposição de língua entre os arcos dentais e baixa experiência de cárie. Ao longo de 9 anos o paciente apresentou complicações nas suas condições sistêmicas, com necessidade e realizar gastrostomia e com muitos períodos de internação. Apesar disto, atualmente sua condição de saúde bucal é boa e estável. Os cuidados odontológicos para pessoas com deficiência devem ser desenvolvidos, encorajados e estendidos continuamente, de acordo com os princípios constitucionais da dignidade humana e os direitos de saúde e de igualdade.

Nível de informação de gestantes na prevenção e promoção da saúde no período do Pré-Natal / Level of information to pregnant women in the prevention and health promotion in the prenatal period

Introdução: a atenção ao pré-natal possibilita uma boa condição de saúde para mulher e para o bebê, e a informação sobre esse período permite à gestante desenvolver autoconfiança para vivenciar melhor a gestação, o parto e o puerpério. No entanto, estudos comprovam que o saber das mulheres sobre esse período carece de cientificidade, quase sempre embasado em crenças e mitos herdados da educação assistemática. Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico das gestantes e verificar o nível de informação de mulheres referentes à prevenção e promoção de saúde própria e do bebê. Método: os dados foram coletados em uma Clínica particular de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da cidade de Bauru, por meio de um questionário fecha do com questões sociodemográficas e sobre promoção e prevenção da saúde. Foram distribuídos 150 questionários, dos quais retornaram 30 e, desses, dois foram excluídos por estarem incompletos. Assim, a amostra final foi constituída por 28 gestantes respondentes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: o perfil sociodemográfico mostrou que a maioria das gestantes era da raça branca (70%), faixa etária entre 25 a 34 anos (61%), com ensino superior completo (61%), exercendo a profissão de docente (25%), com renda familiar de 4 a 6 salários mínimos vigentes (47%). Com relação ao quesito promoção e prevenção da saúde na gestação os resultados indicaram baixo nível de informação. Conclusão: o nível de informação das gestantes sobre o período pré-natal foi baixo, ainda que as mesmas apresentassem um perfil sociodemográfico satisfatório.

Introduction: attention to prenatal care enables a good health condition for the woman and the baby, and the information about this period allows the pregnant woman to develop self-confidence to better experience pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium. However, studies prove that the knowledge of women about this period lacks scientific, almost always based on beliefs and myths inherited from unsystematic education. Objective: to identify the sociodemographic profile of pregnant women and verify the level of information of women regarding the prevention and promotion of own health and the baby. Method: the data were collected in a private clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the city of Bauru, through a closed questionnaire with sociodemographic questions and health promotion and prevention. 150 questionnaires were distributed, of which 30 were returned and of these two were excluded because they were incomplete. Thus, the final sample consisted of 28 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: the sociodemographic profile showed that the majority of the pregnant women were white (70%), between 25 and 34 years of age (61%), with complete higher education (61%), exercising the teaching profession (25%), with family income of 4 to 6 minimum wages (47%). With regard to the issue of health promotion and prevention during pregnancy, the results indicated low level of information. Conclusion: the level of information of the pregnant women about the prenatal period was low even though they presented a satisfactory sociodemographic profile.